Analisis Sosiolinguistik Masyarakat Melayu di Tiga Wilayah Sempadan Selatan Thailand Berlandaskan Teori Etnografi Komunikasi

Authors

  • Kamaruddin Isayah

Abstract

Kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan situasi sosiolinguistik dan fenomena kebahasaan dalam masyarakat Melayu di tiga wilayah sempadan selatan Thailand (3WSST). Data sosiolinguistik yang terkumpul melalui kajian pustaka, pemerhatian dan temu bual tidak terancang dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan teori etnografi komunikasi yang dicadangkan oleh Hymes (1974) melalui singkatan komponen tutur tertentu, iaitu SPEAKING. Masyarakat Melayu di 3WSST yang dimaksudkan dalam kertas kerja ini merangkumi wilayah Pattani, Yala dan Narathiwat. Memandangkan pengkelompokan etnik di Thailand, masyarakat Melayu merupakan sebuah masyarakat minoriti di negara ini. Di bahagian hujung Selatan Thailand, masyarakat ini dianggap majoriti penduduknya. Identiti yang melambangkan masyarakat ini bersifat Melayu ialah pembentukan masyarakat sejak zaman silam hingga sekarang berunsurkan ciri-ciri Melayu, iaitu dengan mengamalkan adat dan budaya Melayu. Sejarah telah membuktikan bahawa masyarakat di sini ialah masyarakat Melayu asal yang tidak diasimilasikan daripada mana-mana masyarakat. Bahasa Melayu khususnya dialek Melayu Patani merupakan medium utama bagi penduduk masyarakat ini. Dari sudut sosiolinguistik, masyarakat Melayu di 3WSST jelas sekali mengalami fenomena pertembungan dengan orang Thai, kesannya muncul sebuah masyarakat dwibahasa. Hakikatnya, fenomena kedwibahasaan dalam masyarakat ini mengakibatkan berlakunya beberapa aspek linguistik seperti fenomena pemilihan bahasa, percampuran bahasa dan sebagainya.  

 

This paper aims to present the sociolinguistic situation and linguistic phenomena within the Malay community in three southern Thailand border regions (3WSST). The sociolinguistic data collected through literature review, observations, and unstructured interviews are analyzed descriptively using the communication ethnography theory proposed by Hymes (1974) through the acronym for specific speech components, SPEAKING. The Malay community in 3WSST referred to in this paper includes the regions of Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat. Given the ethnic grouping in Thailand, the Malay community is considered a minority in the country. However, in the far southern part of Thailand, this community is regarded as the majority population. The identity that represents this community is distinctly Malay, rooted in the characteristics of Malay customs and culture that have persisted since ancient times. History has proven that the communities here are original Malay societies that have not been assimilated from any other groups. The Malay language, particularly the Patani dialect, serves as the primary medium for this community. From a sociolinguistic perspective, the Malay community in 3WSST is clearly experiencing a phenomenon of interaction with the Thai people, resulting in a bilingual society. In reality, the phenomenon of bilingualism in this community has led to several linguistic aspects, such as language choice, language mixing, and so forth.

Keywords:

Sosiolinguistik, Masyarakat Melayu, Dialek Melayu Patani, Selatan Thailand, Etnografi, Malay community, Patani Malay dialect, southern Thailand, ethnography, sociolinguistics

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Published

14-06-2024

How to Cite

Kamaruddin Isayah. (2024). Analisis Sosiolinguistik Masyarakat Melayu di Tiga Wilayah Sempadan Selatan Thailand Berlandaskan Teori Etnografi Komunikasi. Journal of Communication in Scientific Inquiry (JCSI), 1(1), 59–76. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unimap.edu.my/index.php/jcsi/article/view/891

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