Synergistic Effects of Biochar, Urea Fertilizer, and Lactic Acid Bacteria on Mitigating Soil Ammonia Volatilization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58915/aset.v4i1.2108Abstract
Soil ammonia (NH3) volatilization from urea fertilizer poses a significant challenge to nitrogen management in agriculture, resulting in considerable nitrogen losses and environmental pollution. This study investigates the combined effects of biochar, urea fertilizer, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on soil NH₃ volatilization and vegetable growth. Biochar improves soil structure and nutrient retention, while LAB enhances nutrient cycling and microbial activity. A series of treatments combining biochar, urea, and LAB were applied to soil, with NH₃ emissions measured using a closed dynamic air flow system during an incubation period. A field experiment with five fertilization treatments, including control, was carried out in an open field located in Perlis, Malaysia. Treatments with biochar and urea (T4), and the combination of biochar, urea, and LAB (T5), significantly reduced ammonia losses while also improving plant fresh weight and SPAD chlorophyll readings. These results suggest enhanced nutrient uptake and chlorophyll production. Further research is recommended to assess long-term effects, economic viability, and broader applicability across different crops and soil types.
Keywords:
Nitrogen, Chlorophyll, Plant growth, Preservation, Shelf lifeReferences
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