Exploring bamboo nanocellulose aerogel: a review on electromagnetic absorption in the application of EMI shielding

Abstract

Bamboo nanocellulose (BNC), a biopolymer derived from renewable biomass, is recognized for its impressive mechanical strength, thermal stability, and biodegradability, making it an excellent choice for high-performance composite materials. Bamboo nanocellulose is transformed into lightweight, porous aerogels by undergoing alkali processing, delignification, and lyophilization, alongside other chemical and mechanical methods. These aerogels are a long-term and versatile framework for incorporating graphene oxide (GO), a material noted for its tunable electrical conductivity and outstanding electromagnetic absorption capabilities. Graphene oxide (GO) improves the aerogel’s electrical conductivity and electromagnetic wave absorption. With its tunable reduction state and outstanding conductive capabilities, GO integrates synergistically with bamboo nanocellulose via hydrothermal synthesis and in situ polymerization, resulting in a hierarchical structure that enhances EMI shielding effectiveness. The resulting BNC-GO aerogels have high electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and absorption-dominated electromagnetic shielding. Recent research has highlighted the efficiency of BNC-GO aerogels, with several measuring methodologies and electromagnetic wave absorption testing showing its strong shielding effectiveness over a wide frequency range. These findings emphasize the potential of bamboo nanocellulose as a sustainable matrix for graphene oxide-based composites, paving the way for eco-friendly, next-generation EMI shielding materials.