Ultrasonic modification for stabilizing Lantana camara nanosuspension emulsification

Abstract

The preparation of emulsification by low-energy phase inversion is an appropriate method for providing a nanosuspension of Lantana camara Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) dispersed in water. In the formulation, the challenge faced is preventing the re-agglomeration of nanosuspension and stabilizing the formula over the storage period. This study reports the preparation of the L. camara EAF in water media using a low-energy phase inverse emulsion method with the modification of ultrasonic applications. The low-energy ultrasonic application effectively breaks the larger clusters of L. camara EAF suspension into a nanosuspension, allowing for a 77% increase in the distribution of primary size particles (8.3 ± 1.3 nm) and receiving a higher fraction of nano sized particles dispersed in the water solvent. It showed by the increase of zeta potential and the reduction of index polydispersity (Z = –8.5 mV, PI = 0.665) after sonicated. Optimal ultrasonication of the prepared L. camara EAF nanosuspension is achieved with a 50% amplitude vibration maintained for 60 minutes, which can effectively control the nano-size particle dispersion as well as improve the stability of the suspension. The L. camara EAF nanosuspension also maintained stability over the 60 days of storage with re-stirring and re-ultrasonic agitation. The effective ultrasonic application was critical in controlling the size distribution and stability of the prepared L. camara EAF nanosuspension through low-energy emulsification.