Analyzing Nitrogen Dioxide at Peninsular Malaysia Ports and Its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in 2023 Using Sentinel-5P Satellite

Izzuddin Razab; Mohd Azhafiz Abdullah; Lai Chuah

doi:10.58915/aset.v5i1.3211

Authors

Izzuddin Razab Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Mohd Azhafiz Abdullah Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Lai Chuah Universiti Utara Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58915/aset.v5i1.3211

Keywords:

Air pollution, Malaysia ports, Nitrogen dioxide, Sentinel-5P, TROPOMI

Abstract

The rise in nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) emissions, driven primarily by both land and sea transport, has become a major contributor to worsening air pollution. This study examines NO₂ pollution levels at major ports in Peninsular Malaysia and its Exclusive Economic Zone in 2023, utilizing data from the Sentinel-5P satellite. The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument aboard Sentinel-5P offers high-resolution atmospheric measurements, enabling comprehensive spatial and temporal analysis of NO₂ concentrations across the region. Ground-based air quality data from the Department of Environment serve as a reference for validating satellite data. The study employs interpolation techniques, such as Inverse Distance Weighted, to visualize NO₂ distribution and assess its correlations with geographical and demographic factors. The findings reveal a significant increase in NO₂ levels, particularly in key maritime hubs, underscoring the urgent need for stricter regulatory measures and the adoption of sustainable transportation practices. This research not only supports Malaysia’s ongoing air pollution monitoring efforts but also aligns with the nation’s commitment to the International Maritime Organization’s target of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. By leveraging advanced satellite technology, this study contributes to improving air quality management and informing policy decisions aimed at reducing NO₂ emissions across the region.

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