Development of 3D Numerical Model to Investigate Land Reclamation Impact around Penang Island

Anas Abdul Rahman; Arif Muhamad; Ayu Abdul Rahman

doi:10.58915/aset.v4i2.2555

Authors

Anas Abdul Rahman Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Arif Muhamad Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Ayu Abdul Rahman Universiti Utara Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58915/aset.v4i2.2555

Keywords:

Coastal management, Current flow, Mesh propagation, Tidal model, Telemac3D

Abstract

Land reclamation in Malaysia, particularly in states such as Kedah, Penang, Perak, Johor, and Melaka, has significant consequences for marine biodiversity and coastal communities. It alters hydrodynamic patterns, increasing siltation in waterways and threatening the marine ecosystem, the livelihoods of fishermen, and the socio-economic well-being of residents. This study focuses on the Seri Tanjung Pinang (STP) reclamation project in Penang Island, Malaysia, which has raised concerns about its environmental and socio-economic impacts. To evaluate the hydrodynamic response of the surrounding waters, a three-dimensional numerical model was developed using TELEMAC3D. Unlike previous studies that often relied on coarser grids, this research systematically examines the effect of mesh resolution on tidal flow predictions, thereby improving the reliability of the model in capturing local-scale dynamics around reclamation sites. The results reveal pronounced hydrodynamic changes induced by the STP reclamation, with tidal velocities increasing by approximately 13–19% at most monitored points, while one southern location experienced a decrease of about 8%. These changes indicate higher potential for siltation in nearby waterways, driven by stronger tidal velocities and reduced flood tidal currents. Such alterations are likely to affect fisheries, recreational activities, and critical habitats. The findings underscore the importance of using higher-resolution numerical models to accurately assess reclamation impacts and provide more robust input for Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) and policymaking.

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