Characterization of SnO₂ Nanoparticles via Morinda citrifolia Leaf Extract

Irmaizatussyehdany Buniyamin; Mohd Yusri Idorus; Muhamad Faizal Abd Halim; Salifairus Mohammad Jafar; Zahidah Othman; Nur Fairuz Rostan; Kevin Alvin Eswar; Mohd Khairil Adzhar Mahmood; Maryam Mohammad; Mohamad Azri Tukimon; Hanis Mohd Yusoff; A. F. M. Motiur Rahman; Mohamad Rusop Mahmood; Mohd Firdaus Malek

doi:10.58915/ijneam.v18iDecember.2814

Authors

Irmaizatussyehdany Buniyamin
Mohd Yusri Idorus
Muhamad Faizal Abd Halim
Salifairus Mohammad Jafar
Zahidah Othman
Nur Fairuz Rostan
Kevin Alvin Eswar
Mohd Khairil Adzhar Mahmood
Maryam Mohammad
Mohamad Azri Tukimon
Hanis Mohd Yusoff
A. F. M. Motiur Rahman
Mohamad Rusop Mahmood
Mohd Firdaus Malek

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58915/ijneam.v18iDecember.2814

Keywords:

Crystallinity, Energy band gap, Extract concentrations, Morinda citrifolia, Tin oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

This study reports the use of Morinda citrifolia leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the green synthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO₂ NPs). Extract concentrations of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, and 1:10 were examined for the influence on the structural, optical, and chemical properties. XRD, FTIR, UV-DRS, and XPS were employed for characterization. XRD examination showed a tetragonal rutile structure with different crystalline extent, maximum at 1:3 extract ratio. Meanwhile, the formation of Sn-O-Sn and Sn-OH functional groups was verified by FTIR. UV-DRS revealed that the optical properties were tunable, ranging from 3.17 to 3.71 eV, and this depended on the extract concentration. XPS characterization of the optimal low-band-gap sample (1:10) confirmed the presence of Sn⁴⁺ and lattice oxygen. The study demonstrates that extract concentration significantly affects properties of SnO₂ NPs, highlighting the potential of M. citrifolia for eco-friendly nanoparticle synthesis.