Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of Cassia fistula mediated Cobalt doped Copper oxide nanoparticle against Salmonella typhi a step toward antibacterial nanomedicine

Abstract

The green synthesis route is becoming an emerging field of study in nanotechnology due to its biodegradability, eco-friendly nature, and non-hazardous nature. Among a variety of industrial metal nanoparticles (NPs), copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) are the most attractive topic for researchers because of their effective surface area to volume ratio, chemical properties, and antimicrobial activity. The current study consists of the synthesis of Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using Cassia fistula extract as a reducing and capping agent and studies its antibacterial activity. The formation of Cassia Fistula mediated CuONPs was identified by color change and was confirmed by FTIR and UV-visible spectrophotometry, revealing an absorbance peak at 235 nm. A shift of 45 nm was observed when the NPs were coated with PEG. Astonishingly, CuONPs showed a virtuous result on 485 ug/ml, showing only 3% of hemolysis; meanwhile, many different concentrations of NPs were used to check whether it would exceed the standard value. However, none of the diluted concentrations were above the standard value, making them biocompatible. The MIC test was performed, showing 250 ml and 350 ml of diluted CuONPs were prominent concentrations for the elimination of bacteria. ROS quantification and identification showed that the ROS produced followed the Type II mechanism in which the singlet oxygen transfers energy to triplet oxygen. We settled that CuONPs possess the ability to delimit the bacteria, specifically Salmonella typhi.