Upcycling face mask waste into activated carbon: Synthesis and characterization via chemical activation

Abstract

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of activated carbon (AC) derived from face mask waste using chemical activation subsequent carbonization at temperatures varied between 650–850°C. The structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the resulting AC were probed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electrical potential measurement of the AC electrode. The findings show that the structural, morphological, and electrical characteristics of the AC are strongly influenced by the carbonization temperature. The existence of functional groups-graphitic carbon, and carbonaceous materials was demonstrated by FTIR and Raman studies, respectively. The sample carbonized at 650°C exhibited the highest degree of disorder, a fibrous porous structure, and the greatest carbon content. Notably, this sample demonstrated the highest voltage output (35 mV) when employed as an electrode in a supercapacitor, indicating superior energy storage capability. This study emphasizes the potential of converting face mask waste into functional AC for sustainable energy storage applications, specifically supercapacitors