Review on Performance of Lithium Titanate and Its Impurities Dopant as a Lithium-Ion Battery Anode

Abstract

Li-ion batteries are the main source of energy for electronic devices such as cameras, calculators, mobile phones, laptops, and electric vehicles. Among the materials being considered, lithium titanate () has become a promising anode material due to its high stability and safety, as well as enabling high operability without sacrificing lifetime. However, in order to further improve performance and customise properties for specific applications, impurity dopants have been investigated as a means of modifying  performance. This paper examines  and its impurities as anode materials. Starting with a basic understanding of the crystal structure and characteristics of , its properties and applications. Besides, this study explores the effects of different dopants on the  on battery parameters. Based on various research studies and recent developments, the review summarises the current knowledge about  and impurity dopants. Each dopant's different effects on the lattice structure highlight its importance for further development. As a result, it may lead to future research of  anodes for large-scale energy storage technology.