A Bibliometric Analysis of Religion and Culture based AI Framework

Abstract

The implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) development and deployment have become ethically significant in our modern lives. While the majority of contemporary AI ethics frameworks are based on secular and Western norms, there is an increasing number of works related to religion-culture in the frameworks. The focus of this bibliometric study is on the global research that surrounds religion and culture as the foundation for ethical AI frameworks, with an emphasis on Islamic ethical principles. By using the Scopus database, a total of 63 publications from 2015 to 2025 were analyzed through Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. The analysis includes trends in publication output, leading authors, collaborative networks, etc. Results indicate an increase in scholarly output since 2022, with Southeast Asia, notably Malaysia and Indonesia, and the Middle East as the key contributors. Core themes include ethics, religion, language model, and ethical design, while religious values, such as Islamic ethics and maqasid al-shariah, are increasingly integrated into AI ethics discourse. Keyword co-occurrence and thematic mapping reveal three dominant clusters: (1) core ethical AI principles, (2) ethics technology, and (3) religion-informed value systems. While terms like “artificial intelligence,” “ethics,” and “language models” remain central, faith-based constructs are transitioning from peripheral to foundational in shaping future AI frameworks. This study demonstrates the growing intellectual momentum behind culturally and spiritually responsive AI ethics also the potential of Islamic epistemology to enrich global AI governance.