Poverty and The Sustainable Development Goals: A Systematic Literature Review of Their Interplay

Abstract

Poverty remains a significant barrier to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), impacting billions of individuals worldwide and undermining efforts toward inclusive and sustainable progress. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) synthesises findings from 30 empirical studies to elucidate the complex interplay between poverty and the SDGs. The review highlights the multidimensional nature of poverty, revealing that it not only limits access to essential resources such as education, healthcare, housing, and financial services but also exacerbates social inequalities and hinders overall economic development. Key barriers identified include insufficient funding for development programmes, political instability, institutional weaknesses, and environmental challenges such as climate change and resource scarcity, all of which impede progress toward the SDGs. The findings also indicate that poverty disproportionately affects marginalised populations, including women, children, and rural communities, thereby deepening existing disparities. Furthermore, the review underscores the urgent need for integrated, cross-sectoral strategies that consider economic, social, and environmental dimensions to effectively combat poverty. These include targeted policy interventions, strengthened governance, international cooperation, and increased investment in capacity-building and infrastructure. By addressing these interconnected challenges holistically, the review advocates for a people-centred approach to sustainable development that promotes resilience, equity, and inclusive growth. Ultimately, it serves as a call to action for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders to implement coordinated, evidence-based solutions that can break the cycle of poverty and accelerate progress toward achieving the SDGs for all.