The Characterization and Development of Kenaf and Graphene Nanoplatelets in Polylactic Acid Composites

Abstract

Kenaf fiber is in high demand due to the need for lightweight composites, particularly in the automobile industry and occasionally for interior building materials. Its remarkable strength and low density are the main causes of this. The use of natural fiber as a bio-composite material is limited because it is less heat resistant compared to synthetic fiber. To bolster the mechanical robustness of kenaf composites, graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) are incorporated as a supplementary reinforcing agent. Numerous studies have explored the mechanical properties of composites made from natural fibers and polymer matrices, with the recent market introduction of polylactic acid (PLA) polymers as biodegradable matrix options for biocomposites. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of incorporating graphene fillers on the tensile and flexural properties of PLA, kenaf, GnP composites. Hot pressing compression moulding is employed to fabricate the composite samples consisting of varying compositions, ranging from 95% PLA, 5% kenaf, and 0% GnP to 80% PLA, 15% kenaf, and 5% GnP. The result shows that adding 5% Graphene Nanoplatelets as a reinforcing filler will enhance the tensile strength and tensile modulus up to 18.2% and 53.2% respectively. While the flexural strength and flexural modulus enhanced up to 46.1% and 53.2% respectively. Besides that, DSC analysis shows that adding GnT does not alter the thermal properties of the composite with a melting point of 161.5 ℃. Overall, the results confirm that the addition of graphene improves the mechanical properties of the composites. It is suggested that further research should investigate the optimal ratio of GnP, kenaf, and PLA composition in order to achieve the optimum mechanical properties so that this composite has the potential to be used in various applications.