Advanced and Sustainable Technologies (ASET)

Quantification of Bioethanol Derived from Selected Renewable Coconut Raw Materials Using Simple Fermentation-Distillation Process

Dharell Siano, Martina Victoria Pascua, Edessa Flordeliz, Mary Jane C. Fetalvero — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a major crop in the Philippines which entails a large volume of young coconut water (YCW), mature coconut water (MCW), young coconut husk juice (YCHJ), and coconut sap (CS) can be produced all year. The growing demand of bioethanol as a fuel blend to gasoline paves the way to the search for feedstock that can contribute to the bioethanol need of the country. YCW is normally processed as a refreshment product but due to the large volume of consumption, young coconut water is normally discarded. Moreover, MCW is considered as waste in the market after the extraction of coconut meat. The young coconut husk is considered waste and can be processed as a potential source of bioethanol. The coconut sap was explored considering the number of coconut trees in the country. The initial sugar concentration of the YCW, MCW, CS, and YCHJ are 4.39 + 0.3, 3.76 + 0.44 , 9.51 + 1.86, and 4.85 + 0.65 ⁰Bx, respectively. The fermentation process was done for 72 hours using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the fermenting yeast. The obtained bioethanol yields for YCW, MCW, YCHJ, and CS were 31.67, 15.71, 16.89, and 64.42 mL of ethanol per liter of their raw materials, respectively. The highest bioethanol yield was obtained using the CS and a lower energy is required in the process because of its high initial sugar concentration. The production cost was computed for each raw material that was shown to be higher compared to the bioethanol price index of Php 81.68 per liter using sugarcane molasses as feedstock.

Effect of Alkaline Treatment on Tensile Properties of Low Density Polyethylene/Bean Sprout Skin Composites

Soo Jin Tan, Kai Loong Foo, Mohammad Firdaus bin Abu Hashim — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study the effect of alkaline treatment on the tensile properties of LDPE/BSS and LDPE/BSS_NaOHcomposites at various loadings (5–25 phr). The composites were fabricated through a Z-blade mixer and compressed at the temperature of 160^oC. The tensile strength increased with filler loading up to 15 phr but decreased at 20 phr due to filler agglomeration. Alkali treatment enhanced filler-matrix adhesion, resulting in higher tensile strength and Young’s modulus for LDPE/BSS_NaOH composites. Elongation at break decreased with filler content, indicating improved stiffness but reduced ductility. The findings highlight the role of filler loading and surface treatment in optimizing mechanical performance, offering insights for developing high-performance, sustainable polymer composites.

Enhanced Electrical Properties of Graphite-Doped Titanium Dioxide Thin Films via Sol-Gel Method

Kai Loong Foo, S.J. Tan, C.Y. Heah, Y.M. Liew — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Graphite-doped titanium dioxide (Gr-TiO₂) thin films were synthesized via the sol-gel method to enhance the electrical properties of TiO₂ for advanced electronic and biosensor applications. The study focuses on optimizing the drying temperatures and graphite doping levels to achieve improved film crystallinity, morphology, and conductivity. Thin films were deposited using spin-coating and analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-power microscopy (HPM), and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. Results indicate that increasing drying temperature enhances grain coalescence and reduces porosity, leading to improved electrical conductivity. Graphite doping effectively narrows the bandgap and introduces additional charge carriers. These findings demonstrate the potential of Gr-TiO₂ thin films for applications in photovoltaics, sensors, and other optoelectronic devices.

Engineering a Better Slice: Development of an Efficient Watermelon Slicing Tool

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Watermelon Slicer project focuses on the design and development of a mechanical tool to efficiently and safely slice watermelons. The objective is to address the challenges associated with manually cutting large and irregularly shaped fruits, which often pose difficulties in terms of safety, consistency, and time consumption. The proposed device integrates ergonomic design with sharp cutting mechanisms to achieve uniform slices with minimal physical effort. Key factors considered in the design include user safety, ease of use, material durability, and cutting precision. Prototypes were tested under various operational conditions to assess performance in terms of cutting efficiency, slice uniformity, and user comfort. Results demonstrate that the slicer significantly reduces preparation time while enhancing safety compared to conventional methods. The study concludes that the watermelon slicer presents an effective, time-saving solution for both domestic and commercial applications. Future work will involve further refinements to improve the product’s versatility for cutting a wider range of fruits and vegetables.

Design and Development of a Spring-Type Fixture for Manufacturing Efficiency

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The development and design of a spring-type fixture play a critical role in enhancing the precision and efficiency of manufacturing processes that require repetitive assembly or testing. This research focuses on the design, and fabrication of a spring-loaded fixture aimed at improving workpiece positioning, alignment, and clamping accuracy in various industrial applications. By integrating a spring mechanism, the fixture provides adaptive flexibility, enabling consistent pressure and secure holding, thereby minimizing operator-induced errors and increasing production throughput. The study presents a detailed analysis of the fixture's mechanical design, including the selection of materials, and dimensions while maintaining cost-effectiveness. Cutting simulations are conducted using MasterCAM software to assess toolpath accuracy and detect potential collisions, optimizing the fixture’s functionality. The results demonstrate that the spring-type fixture achieves significant improvements in repeatability and precision, particularly in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and electronics. This design contributes to the advancement of fixture technology by offering a solution that enhances both operational consistency and efficiency in high-precision manufacturing environments.

Enhancing Quality Control in Automotive Reconditioning: A Case Study of Carsome Certified Lab

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines quality control (QC) practices at Carsome Certified Lab (CCL), focusing on the reconditioning of pre-owned vehicles. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates analysis of internal QC records, interviews with CCL staff, and customer satisfaction surveys. Findings highlight significant inconsistencies, especially in aesthetic evaluations, with about 30% of vehicles requiring rework due to initially missed defects. Customer surveys indicate a high overall satisfaction rate (75%), yet 20% report dissatisfaction linked primarily to aesthetic issues. Statistical analysis reveals a strong correlation (p < 0.05) between the thoroughness of QC checks and customer satisfaction levels. The study advocates for more rigorous, standardized QC protocols and the adoption of advanced technologies (digital tools, artificial intelligence, imaging technologies, etc.) to improve evaluation precision and consistency. These enhancements are projected to boost customer satisfaction and operational efficiency, serving as a model for similar reconditioning facilities and contributing to industry-wide standards improvement.

Strategic Workflow Optimization in Automotive Quality Control: A Case Study of Carsome Certified Lab

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores strategic workflow optimization within the Quality Control department at Carsome Certified Lab, utilizing a mixed-methods approach to enhance operational efficiencies and ensure stringent quality standards in automotive inspections. Employing theoretical frameworks such as Six Sigma and Total Quality Management (TQM), the research identifies and addresses critical bottlenecks and inefficiencies that undermine productivity and service delivery. Key interventions, including process reengineering, enhanced communication, and technological integration, resulted in a notable 30% reduction in non-value-added activities and a 50% decrease in error rates. Moreover, post-intervention surveys indicated a 70% increase in employee satisfaction regarding the clarity and efficiency of workflow processes. These findings not only validate the effectiveness of integrated process optimization techniques but also offer a scalable model for similar quality control environments, promoting best practices in automotive quality assurance. The study's comprehensive analysis and substantiated outcomes contribute significantly to the body of knowledge in quality management, providing actionable insights for continuous operational improvement in the automotive industry.

Design and Development of Single-Handed Kitchenware for Individuals with Hand Disabilities

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Traditional kitchen equipment often poses significant challenges and risks for individuals with hand disabilities or impairments, increasing the likelihood of burns, cuts, and other injuries during food preparation. For people with physical disabilities or injuries affecting one hand, performing routine cooking tasks can be difficult and time-consuming. The reliance on traditional two-handed kitchen tools limits their ability to cook independently. This study aimed to design and develop innovative single-handed kitchenware equipped with multiple meal preparation tools and ergonomic features to enhance the cooking experience for individuals with hand disabilities. A combination of primary and secondary data was gathered through observations, interviews, and a review of journal articles. The research process involved concept development, three-dimensional modeling and analysis, and usability testing. The results demonstrated that the proposed single-handed kitchenware, made from PLA material, effectively integrates essential features such as a peeler, grater, cutting board, stopping rods, and a storage compartment into a single unit. While the design shows promise in improving meal preparation processes, achieving cutting and peeling speeds that are 51% and 65% faster, respectively, compared to conventional tools, further refinements are recommended. For instance, improvements in the grating function could optimize its overall performance and usability, particularly for individuals with hand impairments.

Building Stronger Biomass: How Particle Size Affects the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Khaya senegalensis Fuel Pellets

Ras Izzati Ismail, Chu Yee Khor, Alina Rahayu Mohamed — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Biomass has gained significant attention as a renewable energy source due to its potential to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and lower carbon emissions. Among various biomass-derived fuels, pelletized biomass offers enhanced energy density, improved combustion efficiency, and ease of handling and storage. Khaya senegalensis, a fast-growing tree that thrives in suboptimal conditions, requires regular pruning, leading to significant biomass waste. This study examines the influence of feedstock particle size on the mechanical properties of Khaya senegalensis fuel pellets. Biomass trimmings from Khaya tree branches were collected, processed into wood chips, and ground into five particle sizes (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, and 2 mm) before pelletization. The pellets were produced under constant moisture content, pressure, temperature, and binder percentage. A one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach was employed, with each process repeated three times to ensure consistency. The mechanical properties analyzed include unit density, durability, axial compressive strength, and diametral compressive strength. Experimental data are analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine correlations between feedstock particle sizes and mechanical properties. This study establishes that particle size plays a crucial role in determining the physical and mechanical properties of Khaya senegalensis wood pellets. The results indicate that finer particles (0.15 mm) contribute to higher unit density and durability, whereas coarser particles (1.00 mm) enhance compressive strength.

Determining the Potential of Layered Banana Fibre Weave Patterns for Enhanced Blast Resistance in Bomb Blankets

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The banana fibre is part of research aimed at creating materials for weaving bomb blankets. To determine whether plain and intra-ply woven banana fibre designs are feasible and effective in enhancing blast resistance, the primary purpose of this research is to analyse the practicability and efficiency of these designs. The method begins with extracting banana fibres, followed by applying an alkali treatment to enhance the mechanical properties of the fibres, and finally concludes with weaving the fibres into plain and intra-ply patterns. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was utilized to analyse the surface morphology and assess any damage that occurred as a result of the blast. Based on the findings, it was shown that plain woven banana fibres demonstrated greater tensile strength (7.39 MPa) and energy absorption (11,772 J) compared to intra-ply woven patterns. The SEM analysis indicated that plain woven fibres had a lower number of surface flaws, highlighting their increased resistance to explosive forces. In conclusion, plain woven banana fibres have significant potential to serve as an alternative to synthetic materials for blast-resistant applications. This alternative is not only cost-effective but also environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is possible for them to meet standards in terms of both environmental sustainability and security.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Injection-Molded Car Door Handles Using Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis

Wan Alif Nazmi Wan Muhamat, Nik Mizamzul Mehat, Shahrul Kamaruddin — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Injection-molded automotive components, such as exterior car door handles, often suffer from defects like volumetric shrinkage, residual stress, and deflection, impacting their structural integrity and aesthetic quality. Traditional optimization methods struggle to balance the multiple conflicting objectives involved in material selection, mold design, and process parameters. This study addresses these challenges by integrating the Taguchi method and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) for multi-objective optimization in Moldflow simulations. Key process parameters, including melt temperature, injection pressure, and cooling time, were systematically analyzed and optimized to reduce defects. Simulation trials using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polypropylene (PP), and Polycarbonate (PC) demonstrated notable improvements, achieving a 56.4% reduction in weld-line width and a 68.9% decrease in sink-mark depth. These results highlight the effectiveness of the combined Taguchi-GRA approach in enhancing injection molding efficiency, improving product quality, and ensuring component longevity. The study establishes a robust foundation for further research on optimizing complex injection-molded automotive parts and exploring advanced material formulations to meet stringent industry standards.

Effect of Cutting Parameters on Cutting-Edge Quality in Laser Machining of Various Metals

Z. Zakwan, S. Norbahiyah — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the effects of cutting speed and assisted gas pressure on the cutting-edge quality in laser machining of High-Speed Steel (HSS) and Mild Steel (MS) using oxygen as the assisting gas. The kerf width ratio (KWR) studied at the entry, middle, and exit points and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) was observed. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was employed to optimize the experimental design, minimizing trials to achieve parameter impacts. Measurements of KWR and microscopic analysis of the HAZ were conducted to assess laser machined surface quality. Results reveal that cutting speed significantly affects KWR, with higher speeds producing narrower kerfs due to improved heat dissipation. HAZ analysis highlights distinct thermal effects, such as recast layers and gradients, with variations between HSS and MS attributed to differences in thermal conductivity and material properties. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing laser machining parameters to enhance accuracy and efficiency, offering recommendations for various industrial applications.

Investigation of Machinability in Milling of PTFE under Dry and Wet Conditions

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the effect of the endmill flute number and cutting conditions on the milling of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). High-speed steel (HSS) tools with 2 flutes and 4 flutes were evaluated by varying spindle speeds, feed rates, and cutting conditions (dry and wet). Surface roughness and chip formation were the major criteria used to assess the performance of different cutting conditions. The study found that the 2-flute end mill decreased PTFE milling surface roughness better than the 4-flute tool. Due to PTFE’s self-lubrication, dry cutting produces smoother surfaces than wet cutting. The self-lubricating feature of PTFE caused short, discontinuous chips during dry cutting and tangled, needle-like chips in wet conditions owing to coolant interference. These findings contribute to improving the machining of PTFE, bringing insights into selecting the correct cutting tools and cutting conditions.

A Parametric Study on The Performance of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems play a crucial role in sustainable energy management by storing excess energy for later use, improving overall efficiency, reducing emissions, and enhancing grid reliability. Among TES technologies, latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems are particularly attractive due to their high energy storage capacity and ability to operate at nearly constant temperatures. However, the low thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCMs) remains a significant challenge, limiting the rate of heat transfer and overall system performance. This study explores the performance of an LHTES system by examining the effects of inlet temperature, mass flow rate, and flow direction, with a particular focus on horizontal flow configurations. The aim is to identify optimal parameter settings that enhance heat transfer efficiency and improve system performance. Using ANSYS Fluent, numerical simulations were conducted with paraffin wax RT82 as the PCM and copper as the triplex tube heat exchanger material. The results showed that an optimized parameter combination reduced the melting time to 232.8 minutes, a 51.44% improvement over the baseline case. These findings highlight the potential for strategic parameter optimization to significantly enhance LHTES efficiency by accelerating PCM melting and improving thermal distribution. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing LHTES system performance, contributing to the development of more effective energy storage solutions that minimize energy losses and improve thermal management.

Improving Work Quality in Painting Between Wall and Ceiling Areas Using a Paint Edger

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the painting process, many tools have been proposed to paint the wall and keep the ceiling from being exposed to the paint color. The workers’ main problem is that they have to use a ladder to reach the ceiling and place tape between the wall and ceiling. This technique was employed to shield the paint-exposed area, particularly when the ceiling and wall were painted in contrasting colors. Because the tape absorbs the color of the painting, its quality typically does not match the ceiling’s surface, and when the worker tries to remove it, the color is still visible on the ceiling. The objective of the study is to implement a new additional tool to attach to the paintbrush in order to paint between the ceiling and wall area smoothly and neatly. To complete this study, the primary data collection was conducted through interviews with the painters at a construction site in Padang Besar, Perlis. The techniques of brainstorming, benchmarking, and morphological charting are used to produce and develop good ideas, which are expressed in detailed sketches and technical drawings. The polylactic acid (PLA) material was used in the 3D printing process to create the tangible prototype. The new additional tool that is called a paint edger, is attached to the paintbrush and this product can save working time to paint the area of the ceiling and wall by 32.9% compared to the conventional method. Moreover, the risk of the fall can be reduced by using the paint edger, whereas it uses the extended pole to complete the work with the same quality.

Synergistic Effects of Biochar, Urea Fertilizer, and Lactic Acid Bacteria on Mitigating Soil Ammonia Volatilization

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Soil ammonia (NH₃) volatilization from urea fertilizer poses a significant challenge to nitrogen management in agriculture, resulting in considerable nitrogen losses and environmental pollution. This study investigates the combined effects of biochar, urea fertilizer, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on soil NH₃ volatilization and vegetable growth. Biochar improves soil structure and nutrient retention, while LAB enhances nutrient cycling and microbial activity. A series of treatments combining biochar, urea, and LAB were applied to soil, with NH₃ emissions measured using a closed dynamic air flow system during an incubation period. A field experiment with five fertilization treatments, including control, was carried out in an open field located in Perlis, Malaysia. Treatments with biochar and urea (T4), and the combination of biochar, urea, and LAB (T5), significantly reduced ammonia losses while also improving plant fresh weight and SPAD chlorophyll readings. These results suggest enhanced nutrient uptake and chlorophyll production. Further research is recommended to assess long-term effects, economic viability, and broader applicability across different crops and soil types.

Critical Spare Parts Identification and Management of Mechanical Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (MVAC) System in University Campus

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Spare parts are used to keep a system functioning, reducing downtime and the system’s life span. Recently, spare parts management has gained significant attention among maintenance departments due to the “right to repair”, which required the provision of readily available spare parts. Therefore, this study focused on identifying critical spare parts for mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning (MVAC) systems. The objectives of this study were to identify the critical spare parts needed in the MVAC system in the university campus and analyze the priority factors affecting the management of these critical spare parts. The Cartesian coordination system based on critical and important has been used to classify spare parts into four quadrants consisting of Indispensable (QA), Imperative Secondary (QB), Unnecessary (QC), and Lower Priority Required (QD). The spare part inventory management and impact of the system have also been examined to be classified into preferred, consistently managed, moderately managed, infrequently managed, and commonly managed. The Cartesian coordination analysis revealed that 19 out of 20 critical spare part components fell into a quadrant of indispensable, which implies that require much attention in the system. In contrast, one component fell within quadrant QD, indicating low importance but functional for the MVAC system. In addition, the combination matrix analysis categorized the components into five classified where 6 components were consistently managed, 11 components were moderately managed and 3 components were infrequently managed in the management of the university campus. The findings are critical for facility management to ensure the reliability and efficiency of the MVAC system and regular monitoring and optimization of spare parts, especially critical parts of the system.

Innovative Design of Knife Sharpener for Improving Sharpening Capabilities

Muhammad Syahmi Akmal Zaini, Siti Maisarah Azami, Mohamed Rafiq Asyraf Rozali — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This project develops an innovative knife sharpener that effectively tackles the challenges associated with maintaining blade sharpness. The problem lies in the lack of a user-friendly and efficient sharpening solution. The project aims to leverage mechanical advancements to address this issue by designing a sustainable sharpener and providing comprehensive educational resources. The methodology employed for this project involves thorough research, development, and collaboration involving the jig and fixture functionality. These aspects are crucial for ensuring precise and consistent sharpening results. By incorporating mechanical innovations, the project seeks to create an advanced knife sharpener capable of restoring blades to their optimal sharpness. The expected outcomes of the project include the development of sharpening capabilities. Ultimately, the project aims to provide a sharpening tool that enhances blade performance and user satisfaction. In conclusion, this project seeks to revolutionize blade maintenance by offering a sharpening tool. By prioritizing user-friendliness and efficiency, the project strives to empower individuals to effortlessly maintain the sharpness of their blades, thereby improving their overall experience with knives.

Exploring the Evolution of Artificial Bee Colony Algorithms: Emphasis on Semi-Greedy Strategies

MFMA Hamzas, H Radhwan — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm has emerged as a prominent metaheuristic technique for solving complex optimization problems due to its simplicity, robustness, and bio-inspired behavior. However, standard ABC suffers from limitations such as slow convergence and premature stagnation. To address these issues, numerous variants have been developed, among which the Semi-Greedy Artificial Bee Colony (SGABC) algorithm introduces a significant advancement by incorporating heuristic-driven yet probabilistic decision strategies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of ABC algorithms, with particular emphasis on semi-greedy strategies. It categorizes key modifications, compares SGABC with standard ABC and other metaheuristics, and highlights its superior performance in problems such as Two-Sided Assembly Line Balancing (2SALB). The paper also explores SGABC’s industrial applications, identifies current research gaps, and proposes future directions including adaptive control, multi-objective frameworks, and real-time optimization. SGABC is positioned as a robust and scalable optimization framework with strong potential for further theoretical development and industrial deployment.

Design and Fabrication of Jig and Fixture for Panel Pin Assembly in Power Motor Side Mirror

Vinoth Baskaran, H Radhwan, MFMA Hamzas — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research focuses on the design and fabrication of a jig and fixture to optimize the assembly process of panel pins for a car side mirror power motor. The current manual assembly method is inefficient, time-consuming, prone to frequent errors, and results in material wastage. To address these challenges, the study aims to develop a jig and fixture that enhances efficiency, reduces cycle time, and improves ergonomics. The methodology encompasses data collection, concept generation, CAD modeling using SolidWorks, and precision machining for prototype fabrication. Key analyses include time study, cost evaluation, and ergonomic assessment. The results reveal a significant 50.82% reduction in cycle time, from 4:04 minutes to 2:00 minutes, resulting in improved productivity and streamlined operations. Ergonomic analysis highlights enhanced operator posture and minimized physical strain, while cost analysis estimates the total fabrication cost at RM 156.26, emphasizing the design’s cost-effectiveness. This project successfully demonstrates the potential of jigs and fixtures to address manual assembly inefficiencies, improve manufacturing outcomes, and serve as a practical model for broader industrial applications.

Balancing the Popcorn Production Line Using Tecnomatix Plant Simulation

M A Selimin, A N A Ahmad, M S Nazri — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) significantly contribute to the country's growth, particularly in the snack food manufacturing industry. As a popcorn manufacturer, this company is now experiencing challenges with production efficiency and bottlenecks in creating a balanced line. Simulation software may save time and deliver key insights by simulating the production line in less time than human bottleneck detection. Therefore, this study focuses on identifying the bottleneck process and determining the productivity of the present popcorn manufacturing line using Tecnomatix plant simulation. This study utilized qualitative methodologies, including interviews with the manager of human resources and supervisor of the production department, as well as direct observation of the production line using time study sheets as data collection methods. The results indicate that three main bottlenecks currently exist at the modelled popcorn production line, namely the automated sealing machine, the labelling machine, and the grading tray stations, with lead times of 70.13%, 64.96%, and 36.01%. The simulation reveals that the popcorn production line's current efficiency is 70%. According to prior research, these bottlenecks may be resolved by enhancing worker skills through frequent training, scheduling equipment preventative maintenance, and expanding the number of machines. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge and encourages the company to improve and take additional measures to increase production line efficiency and solve the identified bottlenecks in any manner possible.

Knowledge, Behavior, Awareness, and Policy Towards E-Waste Management Performance Among Malaysian SMEs

Mohd Akhir Ahmad, Muhd Hakimi Razak, Rosman Iteng — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

With an emphasis on the effects of knowledge, awareness, behavior, and policy on e-waste management performance, this study examines how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia can manage their electronic waste (e-waste). The goal is to promote effective variables towards e-waste management performance that mostly lack study among SMEs in Malaysia. This study gives the management solutions that are required due to the increasing output of e-waste caused by factors such as rapid population expansion, technological improvements, and rising prosperity in Malaysian SMEs. Data gathered from SMEs in Malaysia is analyzed using a quantitative study methodology. This study uses SPSS ver.24 for data analysis. The results show a substantial positive significance between e-waste management performance and knowledge, behavior, awareness, and policy. Furthermore, multiple regression research shows these variables are most significant in e-waste management performance. The study results also emphasize the significance of all-encompassing approaches that promote sustainable e-waste management practices. These approaches should include knowledge, behavioral modification, increased awareness, and supporting policy frameworks among stakeholders in the SMEs industry. Through the clarification of the complex nature of efficacious strategies and the resolution of SMEs’ obstacles, this study advances the waste management ecosystem. Businesses, scholars, and governments looking to enhance e-waste management in Malaysia and comparable settings throughout the globe might benefit greatly from its insights.

The Role of Trust and The Digital Divide: A Moderated Mediation Model for Sustainable E-Government

Nur Ajrun Khalid, Yu Yang — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

E-government initiatives have transformed the dynamic between policymakers, the government, and citizens, becoming a vital component in safeguarding the resilience of democracy through sustainable and effective governance. Despite the prevalent digital divide and the extensive exploration of its various facets in the existing literature and studies, limited attention has been given to a holistic assessment of e-government service quality and its empirical relationships. This article explores the correlation between e-government service quality and intention of use with the aim of formulating and validating a moderated mediation model. Emphasizing the perspective of the digital divide, the study underscores the importance of sustaining future democracies. The research findings reveal that trust serves as a complete mediator in the relationship between e-government service quality and behavioral intention. Moreover, the study indicates that the digital divide, along with sociodemographic factors such as gender, age, and education, can attenuate the impact of e-government service quality on behavioral intention. These insights are of practical significance for both academics and policymakers, providing valuable guidance for enhancing e-government initiatives and fostering democratic sustainability.

How Do Milk Farmers’ Demographics Affect Their Knowledge of Food Loss in the Milk Supply Chain

Fauzan Romadlon, Wan Nurul Karimah Wan Ahmad, Alina Shamsuddin — Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Indonesian government is campaigning actively to increase national milk production. It aims to expand the country’s cattle population and implement good farming practices. However, the increase in milk production will lead to high food loss, but the government and supply chain actors’ awareness of this issue is low. Therefore, the role and knowledge of local farmers becomes essential in mitigating food loss necessary to support the government targets. This study aims to determine the effects of farmers’ demographics on their knowledge of food loss in the milk supply chain. This quantitative study used a set of questionnaires to survey 40 farmers, where the collected data were analyzed using ANOVA. The result showed that farmers’ demographics affect their knowledge about food loss. The farmer’s knowledge contributes to food loss in the milk supply chain, including pouring milk into a can, milking manually, transporting it with cold chain equipment, storing it in milk storage, and transporting milk under specific road conditions. Therefore, the mitigation strategy shall be developed through effective communication and collaboration with farmers and clear supply chain regulations. The strategy can be started with education about food loss at the farmer level, which is essential to gaining the best farming practices in the milk supply chain.

Conceptual Framework for Supply Chain Management Strategies and Aviation Ground Maintenance Operations Sustainability: Mediation Role of Supply Chain Management Capabilities

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper develops a conceptual framework to examine the relationship between Supply Chain Management (SCM) strategies, SCM capabilities, and the sustainability of aviation ground maintenance operations. It highlights how SCM strategies can significantly enhance operational sustainability when mediated by SCM capabilities such as coordination, information exchange, integration, and responsiveness. The study synthesizes insights from existing literature to propose how strategic management of supply chains can lead to improved sustainability outcomes in the aviation industry. The framework suggests that integrating advanced SCM strategies with robust capabilities is essential for ensuring efficiency, compliance, and environmental stewardship within aviation maintenance operations. This research contributes to the academic discourse on supply chain sustainability by providing a structured framework that can serve as a foundation for future empirical research.

Marine Parks and Sustainability of Fisheries Resources: View of the Pulau Tioman’s Residents

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Pulau Tioman is among the 42 islands in Malaysia that are designated as Marine Parks. The primary objective of establishing the Marine Park is to enhance the nation’s fisheries resources through the effective management, preservation, and conservation of biodiversity and marine ecosystems within these designated areas. Nevertheless, the extent to which local populations embrace the construction of the Marine Park and its efficacy in guaranteeing the long-term viability of fishing resources remains uncertain. Consequently, this study was undertaken to gather data to address the subject using a quantitative methodology. Data collection was conducted using a survey that used specific questions to be administered to inhabitants residing in seven settlements on Pulau Tioman. The study’s findings indicate that the residents of Pulau Tioman rely heavily on fishing resources, with a majority of them engaging in fishing activities to obtain sustenance. The residents of Pulau Tioman have a moderate level of acceptability towards establishing the Marine Park. However, they recognize the significance of the Marine Park in guaranteeing the long-term viability of fishing resources. According to the study, there is a substantial correlation between the degree of public acceptability of marine parks and the significance and efficacy of marine park management. As a result, initiatives to raise public understanding of and confidence in marine park administration ought to be maintained and occasionally enhanced.